课件讲解(精选8篇)
课件讲解(1)
请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正。
1. This is the factory where we visited last week.
2. This is the watch for which Tom is looking.
3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.
4. The house in that we live is very small.
5. The sun gives off light and warmth,that makes it possible for plants to grow.
6. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library.
7. This is the best film which I have ever seen.
8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.
9. Everything which we saw was of great interest.
10. His dog,that was now very old,became ill and died.
11. The reason which he didn’t go to school is that he was ill.
12. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands.
13. The boy,his mother died last year,studies very hard.
14. I have two sisters,both of them are doctors.
15. We’re going to visit the school where your brother works there.
16. He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening.
17. That is the way which they work.
18. Those have questions can ask the teachers for advice.
19. Who is the man who has white hairs?
20. I will never forget the days which we had a good time together at the sea.[1][2]
课件讲解(2)
幼儿园课件制作讲解
幼儿园教学课件的制作与其他教学课件有很大不同,因为幼儿是不认识那么多字的,所以课件中要避免文字,以图片、音乐、视频为主。介绍几种做课件的方法。
1.充分利用已有的图片、音乐、视频。平常多搜集一些插画、动画、幼儿歌曲。注意最好下载一个转换格式的软件,如格式工厂,还有就是编辑软件,如Adobe audition。因为有些片段可能需要剪辑或者转换格式,PowerPoint 里不是什么格式的视频都能插入播放的。
2.做课件可用好看的插画做背景,要好好掌握超链接的用法,非常有用。另外,自己在PowerPoint 里可以画简单的图画,用自定义动画中的路径动画,制成丰富多彩的动画效果。
3.在网上收集一些有教育意义的动画短片,大多是flv和flash格式的,在课件中使用,很方便。可将这两种格式用格式工厂转为wmv或mpg格式。
4.制作课件的过程中要充分考虑到幼儿的思维习惯和情感需求,条理要清楚,元素虽多,但不要杂乱,注意美感。
版面设计与制作的10个妙招
一个成功的PPT课件,除了内容要精彩之外,漂亮的页面设计也很重要,这样就能在第一时间吸引学生。下面的这10条小技巧,可助你一臂之力,提高你设计并制作PPT课件的效率。
(1)使用网格对齐对象
通过网格,PowerPoint可以快速对齐页面中的图像、图形、文字块等元素,使得版面整齐好看。方法如下:
在屏幕空白处右击鼠标,在弹出的快捷菜单中选择“网格和参考线”命令。在打开的对话框中,选中“对象与网格线对齐”及“屏幕上显示网格”选项,单击“确定”按钮后屏幕上将显示网格线。将要对齐排列的对象拖到网格附近,它们就会自动吸附到网格线上并对齐。
(2)快速微调对象位置
在幻灯片中,用鼠标或键盘上的方向键来调整图形等对象的位置,至少按照10个像素为单位进行调节,有时显得不太精确。我们可以先选定要调整位置的对象,按下Ctrl键不放,再连续按键盘上的方向键,就可以1个像素为单位对对象的位置进行微调。
(3)快速对齐图形等对象
除了借助网格线,还有另外一个快速对齐对象的方法。在幻灯片中,按住Shift键或Ctrl键不放,然后点选所有要对齐的对象。单击“格式”菜单,展开“对齐”选项,会出现“左对齐”、“顶端对齐”等多个命令,根据需要选择相应的命令即可。
(4)快速均匀排列图形等对象
在“格式”菜单的“对齐”选项下,还有“横向分布”和“纵向分布”两个命令,按Ctrl键选中多个对象后,再执行其中的某个命令,可以让所选对象横向或纵向自动排列均匀,非常实用。
(5)随意设置对象层次
输入文本,再画一个装饰图形,然后将文本拖放到装饰图形上,你会惊讶地发现,文本看不到了。这就是对象层次在捣鬼,先输入的文本,被后画的图形盖住了。解决方法很简单:右击图形对象,选择“置于底层”选项中的“下移一层”或“置于底层”命令即可降低对象的显示层次,要提高对象的显示层次,选择“置于顶层”选项中的命令即可。
(6)快速选择多个叠加对象
在PowerPoint 2007中,如果要选择叠放在一起的若干个对象会不太容易,当多个对象叠放在一起时更是如此。不过,我们可以单击“开始”菜单,展开“选择”选项后执行“选择对象”命令,再拖拉鼠标进行多个对象的框选。
(7)对象也用格式刷
在PowerPoint中,要想制作出具有相同格式的文本框、自选图形、图片、艺术字等(比如相同的填充效果、线条色、文字字体、阴影设置等),可以先设置好其中一个对象,选中它后再单击“开始”菜单中常用工具栏上的“格式刷”工具,然后单击其它对象。如果有多个对象,只要双击“格式刷”工具,再连续“刷”这些对象。完成操作后,再次单击“格式刷”就可以了。
(8)隐藏对象
如果在幻灯片中插入很多图片等对象,在编辑的时候将不可避免地重叠在一起,妨碍我们工作,怎样让它们暂时消失呢?方法如下:
首先,单击“开始”菜单,展开“选择”选项后再单击“选择窗格”,在工作区域的右侧会出现“选择和可见性”窗格。在此窗格中,列出了所有当前幻灯片上的“形状”,并且每个“形状”右侧都有一个“眼睛”图标,单击“眼睛”图标,就可以把挡住视线的“形状”隐藏起来。注意:被隐藏的对象在播放幻灯片时也不会出现。因此,编辑完成后别忘记取消对象的隐藏。
(9)用幻灯片母版统一设计风格
PowerPoint的“母版”,就像是舞台的布景,无论演员在舞台前如何表演,其布景总是按照一定规律进行切换。为了让演示文稿看起来有一个统一的风格,在每张幻灯片上,我们可以设计一些固定的`元素,如背景、标志、日期和时间等,将这些固定元素放到幻灯片的母版上,这样做出的其他页面就有了统一的布局,不仅节省制作时间,还能使课件变得风格统一、操作快捷。具体方法是:
首先,单击“视图”菜单后执行“幻灯片母版”命令,进入幻灯片母版编辑界面。然后,选择相应的版式幻灯片,我们就可以像在普通幻灯片中一样进行设计,添加固定的元素并排列好位置。最后,单击浮动工具栏上的“关闭母版视图”按钮可快速返回普通幻灯片中。
如果需要设置统一的动画效果、幻灯片切换效果、幻灯片背景等,只要该效果需要从头到尾出现在演示文稿中,就可以设置在母版中。这样做的好处是一遍成功,无须对幻灯片逐个调整,十分便捷。
由于每个演示文稿中只能使用一个幻灯片母版,也就是说一个演示文稿只能有一种统一的风格。要使演示文稿具有不同的外观或页面设置,可使用超链接功能,在一个演示文稿中跳转到其他演示文稿,或者在演示文稿中插入演示文稿,被链接或插入的演示文稿可以具有不同的设计模板和幻灯片母版。
(10)快速将Word文档整理成PowerPoint文档
我们常常会先用Word编辑教学设计,然后再复制其中的要点文字到PPT中。但逐一复制Word中的文字非常繁琐,我们可用下面的方法快速将Word文档整理成PowerPoint文档。
首先,将需要转换成幻灯片的文字复制到“记事本”中进行整理,这样可以去除文字原有的格式。将文字整理成“标题+正文”的形式,中间用回车分隔。
接着,新建一个演示文稿,切换到大纲视图,将记事本中的所有文字粘贴到大纲视图中。此时所有的文字都成了幻灯片中第一页的标题,如图所示。
然后,在正文所有段落的结尾处(图中①标注处)敲回车键,将幻灯片分成若干页,然后在每页中标题结尾处(图中②标注处)先敲回车键再按Tab键,将文字进行降级,即把标题降级为正文,反之可按Shift+Tab来升级。
至此,PPT中的文字便整理完成,最后只需要套用一个模板,一个漂亮的PPT便基本制作完成。
课件讲解(3)
非限制性定语从句讲解课件
非限制性定语从句也是定语从句的一种,在高中语法知识中它也是非常重要的一项的,老师们对于非限定性定语从句的讲解也是非常重视的。以下是小编整理的非限制性定语从句讲解课件,欢迎阅读。
说到非限定性定语从句的讲解,还要分成不同的部分,首先大家要知道就得就是该从句的作用是什么。其实它在句子中是一个独立的成分,不会受到主句的限制,把从句去掉之后,主句仍然是成立的。这也是为什么它会叫做非限定性定语从句。其次,大家要了解该从句的形式:非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密,因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。例如:
Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous?
你看过“泰坦尼克号”这部电影吗?它的男主演可是世界闻名的。
My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.
我有位朋友,他一辈子服务于国际奥林匹克委员会,下个月就要退休了。
在非限制性定语从句也分成不同的种类,在不同情况下,该从句的使用方法也是不一样的,在考试中经常会考察大家对于该从句不同类型的运用。如果大家不能很好的'掌握这些用法,在考试的时候就一定会丢分了,下面就是关于该从句不同类型的介绍:
(1) who引导的非限制性定语从句
Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook.我们的向导,一个法裔加拿大人,擅长于烹调。
My gardener,who is very pessimistic,says that there will be no apples this year.我家的园丁非常悲观,他说今年将不结苹果。
(2) whom引导的非限制性定语从句
关系代词whom用于指人,在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语,作介词宾语时,介词可位于句末。如:
Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.彼得现在回巴黎了,你在伦敦见过他。
Mr Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家,我从他那儿学了许多东西。
(3) whose引导的非限制性定语从句
whose是关系代词who的所有格形式,在从句中作定语。whose通常指人,也可指动物或无生命的事物。如:
The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位小男孩学习很努力,他的父亲是位工程师。
Above the trees are the mountains whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山,其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。The play,whose style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period.这剧本是那个时期的典型作品,风格拘谨刻板。
(4) which引导的非限制性定语从句
关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句,在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。
① which指代主句中的名词,被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。如:
These apple trees,which I planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit.这些苹果树是我三年前栽的,还没有结过果实。
She is an artist,which I am not.她是一位艺术家,而我不是。
Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。
The two policemen were completely trusted,which in fact they were.那两个警察完全受到信任,事实上,也真是如此。
② which指代主句中的形容词。如:
She was very patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was.她对孩子们很耐心,她丈夫却很少这样。
She is always careless,which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意,我们可不应该这样。
③ which指代主句中的某个从句。如:
He said that he had never seen her before,which was not true.他说以前从没见过她,这不是真的。
④ which指代整个主句。如:
In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.在那么多人面前他有点紧张,这是可以理解的。
He may have acute appendicitis,in which case he will have to be operated on.他可能得了急性盲肠炎,如果是这样,他就得动手术。
When deeply absorbed in work,which he often was,he would forget all about eating and sleeping. 他经常聚精会神地工作,这时他会废寝忘食。
(5) when引导的非限制性定语从句
关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语,指代主句中表示时间的词语。如:
He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他将把郊游推迟到5月1号,那时他将有空。
(6) where引导的非限制性定语从句
关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,指代主句中表示地点的词语。如:
They went to London,where they lived for six months.他们去了伦敦,在那儿呆了六个月的时间。
They reached there yesterday, where a negotiation of sale will be held.他们昨天抵达那里, 有一个关于销售的谈判在那儿举行。
(7) as引导的非限制性定语从句
as引出非限定性定语从句时,代替整个主句,对其进行说明但通常用于像as we allaknow, as it is know, as is know to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语,且引出的从句位置比较灵活,可位于句首或句末,也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有“正如……, 就像……”之意。 如:
As it known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.美国人都知道,马克?吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。(as在从句中作主语)
He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case. 他忘了带笔,这是常事。(as在从句中作主语)
He is absorbed in work, as he often was. 他正在全神贯注地工作,他过去经常这样。(as在从句中作表语)
Boy as he was, he was chosen king. 他虽是孩子,却被选为国王。(as在从句中作表语)
as we all know, the earth is round.众所周知,地球是圆的。 (as在从句中作宾语)
The two brothers were satisfied with this decision,as was agreed beforehand.两兄弟对此决定都满意,这项决定在事前都已得到他们的同意。(as在从句中作主语)
Taiwan is,as you know,an inseparable part of China.你知道,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。(as在从句中作宾语)
(8)“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
在介词后引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词which有时并不代表主句中某一确定的词,而是概括整个主句的意思。介词的选择取决于它与先行词的搭配或与从句中谓语动词的搭配。
They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines,without which the yield would be halved. 他们缺搭葡萄架的杆儿,没有它们产量会减少一半。
They thanked Tom,without whose support they would not have succeeded.这些邻居是北京来的,昨天我被介绍同他们认识了。
(9)“名词/代词+of+which / whom”引导的非限制性定语从句
It now has 20,000 hectares of land,more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation. 现在它拥有两万公顷土地,其中三分之二之多已经耕种。
Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300.000 kilometeThere are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.大厅里有三十把椅子,绝大部分是新的。
he textile mill has over 8,000 workers and staff,eighty per cent of whom are women. 这家纺织厂有8千多职工,女职工占百分之八十。
通过对该从句的讲解,大家可以看出,它的种类真的是非常多,不同的词语引导的从句用法都是不同的,大家要学会区分不同用法所表示的含义。虽然该从句在选择题中考察的非常多,但是大家在阅读题中也会看见这样的从句,所以说,大家学习语法知识并不只是为了语法的题目,它对于大家整个英语水平的提升都是非常有帮助的。除此之外大家还要注意一些非限制性定语从句引导词的特殊情况:
1.非限制性定语从句不可用that引导, 在非限制性定语从句中用who(作主语) / whom(作宾语)指人,用which(作主语 / 宾语)指物, 用whose作定语(指人 / 物)。例如:
The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
这位试图打反击的著名篮球明星吸引了众人的关注。
The film, whose director is an old man, is very instructive.
这部电影很有教育意义, 它的导演是位老人。
2.关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略,若指人时,只用whom,不用who。例如:
York, which I visited last year, is a nice old city.
我去年访问过的约克是个古老而美丽的城市。
Please give the book to Jessica, whom we met in the hall just now.
请把这本书交给杰西卡,就是刚才我们在大厅里遇到的那位。
3.非限制性定语从句不可用why引导, 需用for which替代why。例如:
None of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent.
我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由。
课件讲解(4)
定语从句的讲解课件
导语:定语从句的讲解课件如何设计?以下是小编为大家整理的文章,欢迎阅读!希望对大家有所帮助!
定语从句的讲解课件
一、课堂导入
教师读句子,让学生听并复述
1. she is the girl who has blue eyes.
2. I love this English teacher whose eyes are blue.
3. A telephone is an invention which can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.
4. I like this person that has 3 story books
5. This is the office where he worked.
6. I don’t know the reason why he came so late.
二、复习预习
教师引导学生复习上节课所学的反意疑问句,包括反意疑问句的形式,祈使句的反意疑问句,there be句型的反意疑问句等, (以提问、回顾的形式进行),针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑,并通过对反意疑问句具体用法的分析和扩展导入本节课所要学习的`定语从句。
三、知识讲解
知识点1:定语从句的概念和先行词
1. 【考查点】在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。(而在一个句子中充当整个句子的宾语的句子叫做宾语从句)
如:I love this English teacher whose eyes are blue. (定语从句)
我爱眼睛是蓝色的这位英语老师
I don’t know (宾语从句)
我不知道你怎样才能到达那个公园。
2. 【考查点】被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
如:A friend is someone who says, "What! You too? I thought I was the only one!”
A Wechat (微信) is an invention which can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.
知识点2:定语的关系词~关系代词
1.【考查点】既能指物也能指人的关系代词 that,whose。
如: ① I like this person that has 3 story books. (先行词是人person)
②先行词是物book)
①(先行词是teacher)
②先行词是dog)
2、【考查点】只能用来指代人的关系词who, whom.
如:Is he the man who wants to see you?
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
3、【考查点】只能指代物的关系词which。
如:A prosperity which had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
4、【考查点】关系词在句子中充当的成分。
如:1、(who/that在从句中作主语)
他就是你想见的人吗?
2、他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
3、作宾语) which / that在句中(
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
4、((只用作定语)
那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
(注:当上题先行词指物时它还可以同of which互换)
如:Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书
知识点3:关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词when, where, why可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
【考查点】关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。
如: There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
知识点4:关系词的选择取决于从句中的谓语动词
1.【考查点】 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
四、例题精析
【例题1】
【题干】Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that
【答案】A
【解析】: 主语与run(延伸)是主动关系,所以用现在分词。Those指街道,所以不用
来引导定语从句。 who而用that
【题干】Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year?
A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where
【答案】:D
【解析】:将疑问句改为陈述句:this research center is…显然缺少先行词,必须加上代词the one来作先行词,又因定语从句不缺主语或宾语,所以用关系副词where。假若在this后加the,就选where,请想想这是为什么。
【题 干】
The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk cor第一文库网rectly and safely.
A. when B. where C. which D. whose
【答案】:B
【解析】 因为表示“阶段、程度、地步”的the point在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用
语从句。 where引导定
【题干】
—How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided
A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose
【答案】:C 【解析】:因为of which引导定语从句,并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whose telephone number。
五、课堂运用
【基础】
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where
【答案】A
【解析】:which用作关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
【答案】C.
【解析】"和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词,作介词to的宾语,可以省略。
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
【答案】
【解析】是关系副词,表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。 D. where
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
【答案】. C.
【解析】
是关系副词,表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。 when
【巩固】
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
【答案】A.
【解析】 which是关系代词,在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
【答案】C.
【解析】which是关系代词,在从句中作visit的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
【答案】 A.
【解析】where是关系副词,表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
【拔高】
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
【答案】A.
【解析】本句话的先行词应该是films,因此,关系代词that是负数概念,其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the,则the one应该视为先行词。
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
【答案】A.
【解析】“谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词,其后要用which作宾语,不能用that。
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
【答案】 A.
【解析】with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.
课程小结
本节课主要围绕定语从句的常考点展开,即:定语从句的概念,定语从句的关系词,定语从句的先行词等。需要重点掌握的是定语从句的先行词和定语从句的关系词。此外,在初中阶段也会经常接触到定语从句关系代词和关系副词的选择,因此,这个考点也需要重点掌握。
近年中考对语法点的考查往往是与语境想结合,因此,同学在做题时要结合语境来分析题目,灵活地运用语法知识。
课件讲解(5)
定语从句讲解课件
为了让同学们更好的理解定语从句,需要进行相关的讲解,那么应该如何进行讲解呢?下面是小编分享给大家的定语从句讲解课件,希望对大家有帮助。
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意:
(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的`人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What‘s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
练习题
I.单项填空
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?
-Yes, he‘s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
2. Is this the river _____I can swim?
A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A. where B. which C. that D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?
A. that you bought B. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees B. who agree
C. who agrees D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that B. it C. which who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who‘s B. whose C. that of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was
9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in
Ⅱ、用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。
1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house _____we live in is very old.
5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?
参考答案:
I.1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCD
课件讲解(6)
初中定语从句讲解课件
【文章导读】熟能生巧,取得好成绩! 下面是小编为您整理的 初中定语从句讲解 课件,供你参考和借鉴。
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的.分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用介词+which/whom结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
课件讲解(7)
现在完成时讲解课件
同学们我们已经学习了英语的现在进行时、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时这4种时态的用法,但这4种时态还不能满足我们表达的需要。这时,我们可以用一种新的时态——现在完成时表示。小编整理了关于英语现在完成时的课件,希望对大家有帮助!
英语现在完成时:一、现在完成时的构成
(一)肯定式
主语+助动词have /has +过去分词+其它
说明:这里的have /has是助动词,没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has,其余人称一律用have。 has,have的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样,不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例:
1)I've just copied all the new words .我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了)
2)She has lost her books .她丢失了她的书。 (表示到目前为止还没有找到)
(如果用过去时:She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作,而不知现在有没有找到)
3)We've just cleaned the classroom .我们刚好打扫了教室。(表明现在教室是干净的)
(二)否定式
主语+助动词have /has+not+过去分词+其它
说明:现在完成时构成否定句时,只需在助动词have /has后面加not就行。have not,has not的缩略式分别为haven't ,hasn't。另外,肯定句中有some,already时,改为否定时要分别改成any,yet。实例:
1)I haven't finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业。
2)She hasn't travelled on a train .她没有坐火车旅行过。
3)We have never spoken to a foreigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话。
注:有时not可以用never代替,表示“从来没有”的意思。又如:
4)I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。
(三)一般疑问式
助动词Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它 ?
说明:把陈述句中的have或has放到句首,句末打问号,同时把句中的some ,already改为any ,ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ,主语+have/has.?否定回答用“No,主语+haven't/hasn't.”有时也可以用“No,not yet./No ,never./No,not even once.”等。实例:
1)—Have you ever made dumplings ?你曾经做过饺子吗?
—Yes ,I have .是的,我做过。
2)—Has she ever been abroad ?她曾经出过国吗?
—No,never.不,从来没有。
3)—Have they found the lost books yet ?他们已经找到了丢失的书吗?
—Yes ,they have.是的,他们找到了。
注意:当句中有否定词not ,hardly(几乎不),never的时候,在改为反意疑问句时,附加部分用肯定形式。例如:You have never come to our school ,have you ?你以前从来没有来过我们学校,是吗?
英语现在完成时:二、现在完成时的用法
(一)现在完成时的`用法1:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时,常与时间副词already(已经) ,yet(还、已经) ,just(刚刚、仅仅) ,ever(曾经) ,never(从不) ,before(以前)等连用。这几个副词的用法如下:
1.already意为“已经”,通常用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末。实例:
1)I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。
(“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。)
2)I've washed my clothes already.我已经洗了衣服。
(洗衣服的动作已完成,其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。)
注意:在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时,already也可用于(口语)疑问句中。实例:
3)Have you met him already ?你(真的)已经见过他了?
2.yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中意为“还”,常放在句末。实例:
1)—Has he found his watch yet ?他已经找到他的手表了吗?
—No,not yet.不,还没有。
2)The woman hasn't found her dog yet .
那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。(没找到狗,心里着急,这就是对现在的影响)
3.just意为“刚刚”,表示行为刚刚过去,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例:
He has just come back from school .他刚从学校回来。
4.ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例:
1)Have you ever been to Hong Kong ?你曾去过香港吗?
2)I haven't ever spoken to her.我未曾和她说过话。
5.never意为“从来没有”常与before连用(before要放在句尾,而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例:
I have never travelled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。
6.before意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。实例:
1)Have you been to Hainan before ?你以前去过海南吗?
2)I haven't eaten Guangdong food before.我以前没吃过广东菜。
(二)现在完成时用法二2——持续性用法(肯定句,疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词):表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for +一段时间?或“since+过去的点时间或从句(从句用一般过去时)以及so far(到目前为止)等时间状语连用。
for + 段时间
since +点时间
实例:
1)I've lived here since 1990.自从1990年以来我就住在这里。
= I've lived here since 13 years ago.
= I've lived here for 13 years.
= It is 13 years since I began to live here.
2)I haven't seen him for three years .我三年没有看见他了。
= I haven't seen him since three years ago
= I haven't seen him since 2000.
= It is 3 years since I saw him last time.
3)Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city .
自从到这个城市以来,王先生一直在这家工厂工作。
4)She's been at this school since five years ago.
自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。
注意:①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续,故不能与for(达到;累计)或since(自从。到现在)引出的时间状语连用。
②对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long
1) 他入团两年了。
误:He has joined the League for two years.
正:He has been a League member for two years.
2)我买这辆自行车三年了。
误:I have bought this bike for three years.
正:I have had this bike for three years.
2) ▲部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词:
短暂性动词 延续性动词
die → be dead
borrow → keep
buy/catch → have
get up → be up
come → be in
finish → be over
leaver → be away
open → be open
close → be closed
begin → be on
become interested in → be interested in
有人可能会问:一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去,那么这两种时态有什么区别呢?
☆答:①一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如:yesterday连用;强调动作在过去发生,与现在无关。
②现在完成时与自已的特征词连用,强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。
例: He saw the film last night. (过去时,表示他昨晚看过那部电影了,现在不知还要不要再看一次)
He has (ever) seen the film before.(现在完成时,表时他已看过那部电影,现在不想再看了)
英语现在完成时巩固练习
I.按要求转换下列各句,每空一词。
1、He has already finished his homework.(改为否定句)
He _______ finished his homework ________.
2.They have found the lost books already.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)
______ they _______ the lost books _______?No,they________.
3.Julia has not got home from school yet.(改为肯定句)
Julia ______ _______ ________ home from school .
4.You have never been to Shanghai before,_________ _________ ?(改为反意疑问句)
5. He’s gone to Beijing, ______ ______?(改为反意疑问句)
6.Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999.(改为同义句)
Mr Wang _________ _________ English in this school since 1999.
7. He hasn’t left home for 3 days.(同义句)
He _____ ______ ______ home for 3 days.
8. They have lived here since 3 years ago. (对划线提问)
II.选择正确答案。
( )1.—Who is Mary ?
—____?I saw you talking with her at the meeting .
A.Don't you meet her yet
B.Didn't you met her yet
C.Haven't you met her yet
D.Hadn't you met her yet
( )2.—How do you like Beijing ,Mr Black?
—Oh ,I ____ such a beautiful city .
A.don't visit
B.didn't visit
C.haven't visited
D.hadn't visited
( )3.The old people ____ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week.
A.don't feel
B.hasn't felt
C.haven't felt
D.didn't feel
( ) 4.We have lived here ____ five years ago.
A.when
B.since
C.before
D.after
课件讲解(8)
四年级英语课件讲解
Unit 1 M Classr
第 3 课时
1. 能听懂、会说:This is classr. The wall is white. The flr is green...并能用This is...和表示颜色的词来描述教室中的事物。
2. 能听、说、认读本课主要单词:cputer, teacher's des, fan, wall, flr。
学习单词:cputer, teacher's des, fan, wall, flr。(学习重点)
the 的发音与运用。(学习难点)
1.听录音跟读Let’s learn,在不会读的单词前标“?”。
2.自主学习新单词 (试读,试翻译,可以借助单词表)
3. 听懂、会说、正确读写上面的单词(自己能独立背会并默写)
一、利用拆音法拼读单词
1. 教师出示一个男孩的图片,提问:Wh’s this b?然后显示文字:M nae is ae.教师引导学生拼读:/d3/-/ei/-//----/d3ei/,/n/-/ei/-//---/nei/.然后再以同样的方式另外一个男孩的名字Dave进行拼读。
2. 教师出示ae做蛋糕的图片和句子I can ae a cae。引导学生同桌合作,用上述拆音法和拼音的方法拼读ae和cae
3. 完成Read, listen and tic的活动。
教师出示第一组单词cat/cae,请学生拼读,引导学生感知cat和cae中a发音上的区别。学生尝试拼读第二组和第三组的单词。教师随后播放本部分录音,学生在听到的单词上打勾。
二、通过语音歌谣强化a-e在单词中的发音。
1.教师出示歌谣的第一段:M nae is ae. M nae is ae. I lie nae. And I can ae a cae.学生有节奏的朗读。教师请个别学生展示,重点关注学生a-e的发音是否到位。
三、教师引领,合作探究
(小组内讨论交流展示,组员推荐一人在全班展示。)
1.把上面的单词大声读给你的`组员听吧!相信你是最棒的!
1.小组内自由读。 2.小组推荐优秀组员展示读,并领读,全班同学跟读。
2.你能用英语写出下面的句子吗?
(1) 这是我的教室。
(2)门是橙色的。
四、展示提升,总结拓展
1.你能正确读出下面的词组吗?你能正确翻译它们的汉语意思吗?来试试吧!(自学,可借助单词表)
cputer( ) flr ( ) wall( ) fan( ) teacher’s des( )
2.你能流利读出下面的句子吗?你知道它们的汉语意思吗?
This is classr. The wall is white.
五、小结德育,当堂检测
1. 练一练你的耳朵。教师读单词,根据你听到的顺序给单词标序号。
cputer, teacher's des, fan, wall, flr
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2.连线
cputer 墙
teacher’s des 电脑
wall 地板
flr 电风扇
fan 讲台
六、目标达成情况与课后反思
学年度课后反思与目标达成
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