英语语法课件(集合5篇)
英语语法课件(1)
一、学生分析
教学对象为武汉枫叶国际学校强化2级的学生,智力发展趋于成熟。
他们进入这个新的学校,接触新的教学模式已接近两个月,渐渐形成用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力。
在我们这个新型的教学模式里,我们想让学生乐在其中并学在其中,因此我特别注重提高课堂的趣味性和学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力。
他们学习英语方法由死记硬背转型向理解型并应用到交际上,他们有自己的学习技能和策略,学会把语言学习与现实生活和兴趣联系起来。
通过任务型课堂活动和学习,学生的学习自主性得到加强,不再认为英语的课堂学习很枯燥,主动参与到活动中去,成为课堂的主体,同时也加强了与他人交流合作的能力。
学生已经经过近两个月的学习,渐渐习惯了我的教法。
不过,本班学生的水平参差不齐,有些差距还相当大。
因此在教学过程中,布置的任务要兼顾各个层次的学生,使他们都有所收获。
二、教材分析
由于我是教的语法,按照教学大纲,结合语法体系,我这节课将要讲到的是过去进行时态。
因为之前学生已经学习了一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时,所以这个时态对于学生来说并不是很难的。
让学生在一个轻松快乐的环境中很好的掌握好此时态是我的目标。
所以我针对教学内容(动名词变化规律、时态里面的主谓一致、时态的三种句式即肯定,否定和一般疑问句、特殊疑问句),设计了一系列的活动,让整个教学内容很好的贯穿于一个个活动中。
为了节约时间和吸引学生注意力,我用了和过去进行时态的动画导入,并且在教学过程中很好的结合了课件教学。
三、教学目标
本课为语法课型,主要介绍过去进行时的相关用法。
通过课堂的一系列活动,让学生们积极踊跃的参与,口头和书面的练习该掌握的语法知识是本课目的。
培养学生的独立思考能力、快速反应能力和团队合作意识也是一个重要方面。
四、教学策略
环环相扣,设计紧凑。
先利用动画和录音引起兴趣,然后模仿回答动画中的句子,通过观察句子的相似性,让学生得知了过去进行时态的基本形式。
随后讲解过去进行时态的意义所在。
紧接着设计一系列的课堂活动让学生掌握动名词变化规律、时态里面的主谓一致、时态的三种句式即肯定,否定和一般疑问句、如何变特殊疑问句。
采用多媒体教学,用一些与学生日常生活有关的句子,引起学生听说写的兴趣,减少陌生感。
课前需要准备单词卡片及句子卡片。
五、教学过程
1. 导入
1)用多媒体展示一段有着What were you doing…? 和 I was doing…等不同句式的卡通动画引出今天的主题——过去进行时态(was/ were+doing).
让学生仔细听对话并且用动画中的句子回答我的.提问,因为之前已经学习过了现在进行时态,所以学生能比较容易的用正确形式复述过去进行时态的形式。
在学生回答我问题的同时,将下列句子板书在黑板上:
He was listening to the radio at 8 o’clock yesterday morning.
He was reading books at 10 a.m. yesterday.
He was doing some washing at 2 p.m. yesterday
He was watching TV at 8 p.m. yesterday
2)让学生观察黑板上的句子,找出相似之处(was doing),然后介绍这就是今天要学习的新时态——过去进行时。
格式是 was/ were doing sth.
2.意义理解
通过观察此种时态的例句,特别是时间状语,得出过去进行时的意义,即表示在过去的某一时间点(比如 at seven o’clock yesterday morning)或时间段(比如 last Sunday morning)里面持续进行的动作。
3.复习动名词变化规律
由于此规律学生在之前的现在进行时态里接触到过,在这堂课里是一个复习巩固的过程。
用游戏的方法使学生既巩固了知识,又增添了竞争性,活跃了课堂气氛。
游戏一:看卡片抢答“上吊”游戏
准备约20张卡片,在上面写上不同的动词(每种规律都要涉及),把学生分成两大组(男生一组,女生一组),要求学生以最快的速度说这个单词的ing形式是什么,最快最准的得分,每得一分就要给对方画一笔,哪一组先被画完一个“上吊”的小人儿就输掉这个比赛。
游戏完毕,一起总结规律,并在PPT上展示如下的总结表格,让学生更加清楚明白。
4. 过去进行时态里的主谓一致
1)在黑板上板书:Lily was reading a book.
Lily and her friends were reading a book.
让学生注意到was were 所搭配的主语是有区别的,引导他们说出“he/ she/ I was doing sth; they/ you/ we were doing sth.”
2)游戏二:拍桌子
此游戏就是锻炼学生的听力和反应能力,我准备了十几个句子,要求学生注意这些句子的主谓一致是否正确,如果正确则很快的拍一下桌子,如果是错误的句子就不做任何动作,坐着不动拍错和拍得最慢的被淘汰起立。
最后剩下的几名学生就为胜利者,获得加分的奖励。
句子如下:
a. He was playing basketball yesterday afternoon.
b. They was swimming in the lake.
c. Your father was repairing the car.
d. My mother and I were reading books.
e. My friends was watching the match on TV.
f. The children was leaning English.
g. All of them was playing table tennis.
h. My homeroom teacher was sitting in the office.
i. I am looking at the picture .
j. Neither Lily nor her parents were listening to the radio.
5.过去进行时态的肯定式、否定式和一般疑问句形式
1)在PPT上显示如下,
He was watching TV at 8:00 p.m. yesterday. (negative sentence)
①He didn’t watch TV at 8:00 p.m. yesterday.
②He was not watching TV at 8:00 p.m. yesterday.
③He was not watch TV at 8:00 p.m. yesterday.
让学生做出判断,得出sentence ②是正确答案。
然后让学生回答出它的一般疑问句形式:
Was he watching TV at 8:00 p.m. yesterday?
从而得出过去进行时态的三种形式:即否定式是在 be动词后面加not; 一般疑问句是把be动词提前放在句首。
(显示在PPT上)
2)口头及书面练习三种形式(PPT):
1.you / play / cards
You were playing cards.
You were not playing cards.
Were you playing cards?
2.Alice / walk / around the lake
Alice was walking around the lake.
Alice was not walking around the lake.
Was Alice walking around the lake?
3. they / read / a book about Canada
They were reading a book about Canada.
They were not reading a book about Canada.
Were they reading a book about Canada?
3)游戏三:你做我猜
准备10个卡片,每张卡片上写上“I was doing sth.”即每个卡片上有一个动作,比如打扫教室,骑自行车,做饭等等。
让一个学生在前面来抽签然后做动作(不能出声),其他学生猜测,并且要问“Were you doing …?”如果正确,则做动作者要回答:“yes, I was doing …”; 如果错误,则回答:“no, I was not doing …”回答正确的学生有加分以及进行下一个动作表演的奖励。
通过此游戏一方面可以使学生们更熟练的运用过去进行时的三种形式,另一方面也可以激发学生学习和思考的兴趣,让课堂气氛在学生们有趣、逼真的动作表演中达到高潮。
卡片上的句子展示如下:
I was cycling.
I was cleaning the classroom..
I was talking to the teacher.
I was cooking.
I was swimming.
I was listening to music.
I was planting a tree.
I was doing my homework.
I was dancing.
I was reading a newspaper.
6.过去进行时态的特殊疑问句
1) 在黑板上对所写的句子分部分提问,让学生举出更多的特殊疑问词,如when, where, which ,what time, how often, how many times, how long etc.
2)在黑板上演示如何对句子提问:
I was listening to radio at 8 o’ clock yesterday morning.
首先找出疑问词,因为是时间所以用 when ;随后紧跟一个一般疑问句格式(即提前be动词);然后去掉画线部分,加上问号。
Step one: When
Step two: When were you listening to radio at 8 o’ clock yesterday morning.
Step three: When were you listening to radio?
随后针对不同部分进行提问练习。
3) 让学生做书面练习并核对答案,答案如下:
1. Where was Henry living last year?
2. When was Anita working at a restaurant?
3. Who was Ricky waiting for?
4. What was Sarah doing?
5. How many people was Joe speaking to?
6. When were Susan and her family having dinner?
7. Why was Bob walking home?
8. Who was driving home at half past seven?
9. Where were the children playing?
10. What was Claire doing?
7 总结和家庭作业
用过去进行时态造十个句子,注意要用不同的主语和谓语。
六、课后反思
教学成功之处是引导学生一步接一步从浅到深,按预想教学内容理解并能运用了过去进行时态。
引入部分和环环相扣的游戏环节让学生在短时间里产生了学习的积极性和求知欲。
整个课堂气氛轻松活跃,让学生更加大胆地展现自己;同时也在奖励制度下,学生之间也存在着激烈的竞争,课堂表演的部分达到了师生课堂的高潮部分。
接下来的尾声又让学生迅速沉静下来好好做题,进一步巩固知识。
充分显示了“student-center”及以学生为中心的教学理念。
这和我平时课堂的设计也有着密不可分的关系,学生熟悉了我的教学模式,所以能在公开课时表现的很好。
不足之处是可能没有顾及到班上极个别基础比较差的学生,因为是公开课,对基础差的学生就比较看轻了一点,课堂节奏比较快,没有时间给予个别辅导。
英语语法课件(2)
初中英语语法复习课件
英语语法贯穿英语学习的始终,尤其是在中考备考复习中,小编收集了初中英语语法复习课件,欢迎阅读。
九种基本时态
一、一般现在时
概念:
表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表时间的状语连用。
如:
1) I go to school every day . 我每天都去学校。(表经常)
2) He is always like that . 他总是那样。 (表状态)
构成:
1) 主语 + be (am / are / is ) +……
2) 主语 + 实义动词 + …
二、一般过去时
概念:
1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago等。
如:
I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影。
2) 也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
如: He always went to work by bike last week.
构成:
1) 主语 + be (was / were ) +……
2) 主语 + 实义动词过去式 +…
三、现在进行时
概念:
表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。
如:
He is singing.They are watching TV now.
构成:
主语 + 助动词be(am/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成.
四、过去进行时
概念:
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外,一般用时间状语来表示。
如:
1) ---What were you doing?
---I was jumping.
2) ---What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?
---He was sleeping.
构成:
主语 + 助动词be(was/were) + 动词-ing形式构成.
五、一般将来时
概念:
表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的'动作。
如:
He is singing.They are watching TV now.
构成:
主语 + 助动词be(am/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成.
六、过去将来时
概念:
表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成:
1) 主语(第一人称) + 助动词should + 动原 +…
2) 主语 + would + 动原 + ….
3) 主语 + was/ were going to +动原…
用法:过去将来时除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在间接引语中,主句谓语动词为过去时态。
如:
1) I should go.
2) You knew I would come.
3) They were going to Naning.
七、现在完成时
构成:
主语 + 助动词 ( have / has ) + 动词过去分词 +…
用法:
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
如:
---Have you had your lunch yet?
---Yes, I have. (现在我不饿了。)
八、现在完成进行时
概念:
表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作。这一动作可能是刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。
构成:
主语 + 助动词 (have / has ) + been + 动词-ing +…
如:
1) I have been sitting here for an hour.
2) She has been collecting stamps for about 6 years.
九、过去完成时
构成:
主语 + 助动词 had + 动词过去分词 +…
用法:表示过去在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示的动作发生的时间是”过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by,before 等构成的短语,也可用when,before,等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示。
如:
I had finished my homework when my mom came back home.
三大从句
一、宾语从句
宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子。
例如:
He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.
他说长大后想当一名老师。
①宾语从句的连接词:
宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。
②宾语从句的语序:
A. 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后)。
例如:I want to know if he can come tomorrow.
我想知道他明天是否能来。
B. 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面直接加谓语动词。
例如:She asked me who had helped him.
她问我谁帮助了他。
③宾语从句的时态,只要记住以下口诀即可:“主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现”
A. 主现则从任:主句如果是一般现在时,则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种。
例如:1.He tells me he studied English in England last year.
他告诉我他去年在英国学习英语。
B. 主过则从过:主句如果是一般过去时,则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种,带“过”字的时态分别是如:一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。
例如:He told me that he liked playing football.
他告诉我他喜欢踢足球。
C. 客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。
例如:He said the moon goes around the earth.他说月亮绕着地球转。
二、状语从句
1. 时间状语从句:
在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。
时间状语从句的连接词:when(当…...时候),while(当...…时候) as(当...…时候),after(在…...以后),before(在...…以前) as soon as(一...…就......),since(自从...…到现在),till/until(直到…...才......),by the time(到...…的时候)
例如:
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
莫扎特四岁时开始创作音乐。
2. 条件状语从句:
在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。
条件状语从句的连接词:if, unless(除非),as long as(只要)
例如:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
如果明天不下雨,我们将去远足。
注意:在时间和条件状语从句中,一定要符合“主将从现”原则。如上面例句,条件状语 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow用一般现在时,主句we will go hiking用一般将来时。
3. 原因状语从句:
在一个句子中作原因状语的句子。
原因状语从句的连接词:because, since, as,now that
例如:I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.
因为我生病了,所以昨天没去上学。
三、定语从句
定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。
例如:I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(beautiful是定语)
我给我的老师一束漂亮的花。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
例如:I have met a doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.
我认识了一位第一医院的医生。
定语从句的关系词:
关系代词:who、which、whom、whose、that
关系副词:when、where、why
英语语法课件(3)
英语语法经典ppt课件资料
一.案例背景
一直以来,在英语教学中如何教语法的问题始终是英语教师所关注的焦点之一。目前,尽管NSEFC已投入实践,但有些教师仍不能从学生的角度去设计语法教学,教法持续过去陈旧、单一的模式。在语法课上,他们花大量的时间对语法规则进行陈列,并进行大量的单句中译英翻译或做选择题,而且很多时候在唱“独角戏”。更有甚者,则不顾学生的实际英语水平,教学完全脱离了学生的实际接受能力。长此以往,导致了学生听课的索然无味,且学生就只懂得死抠语法,却不会把语法灵活运用于真实的语言环境中。
《普通高中英语课程标准(试验)》明确指出:“课改的重点就是要改变英语课程过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授、忽视对学生实际语言运用能力的培养的倾向,强调从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认识水平出发,倡导体验、实践、参与、合作与交流的学习方式和任务型的教学途径,发展学生的综合语言运用能力,使语言的学习过程成为学生形成积极的情感态度、主动思维和大胆实践的过程。”语言的学习是一个自主体验、实践的习得过程。语法的学习亦然。且习得的语法知识只有在反复应用中才能被学生消化、吸收。尤其当它与适当的语境结合或让学生用它去“做事”时,学生的体验会更加深刻,然后通过总结及归纳,使学生对所学语法更加明晰。这时,语法知识才会真正内化为学生的真实的能力。
本案例是温州首届学科骨干教师研修班在温州教师教育院培训期间,借用温州二十二中的一个高一班级所上的一节研讨课,内容是NSEFC SB2 Unit4的Grammar部分――“be being done”(the Passive Voice of Present Continuous )。授课老师是瑞安中学的占玉霜老师。占老师这一节课的整体操作模式是按:“认识理解-情景操练-归纳总结-练习巩固-任务活用”的程序进行的。虽然授课班级学生的英语实际水平差强人意,但临近结束时,学生们已从开始时的沉闷、拘谨、懵懂变得积极、清晰而且流畅。授课取得了良好的效果。
二.相关理论
1.行为主义心理学把语言看成是一种行为,是一系列的刺激和反应:S1——R1...S2——R2。S1:实际刺激(stimuli),R1:语言替代性反应(response),S2:语言替代性刺激,R2:实际反应。其中,S1就相当于我们语言教学中创设的真实情境,S2则是通过语言表达功能给学习合作者传递的虚拟情境,学习者(包括合作者)接受这两种情境的刺激,完成语言习得的全过程,即R1、R2所表示的两种反应。
2.情境认知理论反对把知识当作“一个整体的、自足的,从理论上讲与学习和使用它的情境相脱离的东西”。因为这样的知识正如著名的数学家、逻辑学家怀特海(White—head,A.N.)指出的,是“呆滞的知识——仅为人脑所接受却不加以利用,或不进行检验,或没有与其他新颖的思想融为一体,因而,当需要用这些知识来解决实际问题时,它们往往被证明是没有用的。也就是说,情境认知理论超越了传统的.知识观,强调知识的情境性、真实性、社会性、应用性、互动性。
三.教学过程及分析
Step1. Warming up and presentation
1.T leads in the class with a game, getting the Ss to guess what animal pictures that she will present on the screen.
2.After the Ss give all kinds of answers, T presents the pictures of 4 kinds of animals, they are: giraffes, antelopes, pandas, and elephants.
T: What do they have in common?
S1: They are animals in danger.
T: Why are they in danger?
S2: People are killing them.
T: Oh! Theyare being killedby people. (on the screen)
T: What are the antelopes being killed for? (T repeats it)
S3: Theyare being killedfor their fur. (on the screen) (with the help of the teacher)
分析:教师直接采用本单元的话题来引入主题,学生感到熟悉。猜谜游戏能激发兴趣,活跃课堂。同时在这样一问一答的过程中自然地呈现了语法结构,很自然,很巧妙。
Step2. Practice (situations from “Reading”)
T: Luckily,nowsome endangered wildlife is _______ (protect) by WWF and the Nature Reserve (on the screen) (T helps the Ss say “is being protected”). See, Daisy is visiting the Nature Reserve (with pictures of Daisy and some animals). The following are the dialogue between her and some animals. Can you imagine what the animals say.
e.g On the screen:
Daisy: What is happening to you now?
Giraffe(S1):Scientists are studying us.
S2:We are being studied by scientists.( with the help of the teacher)
Daisy: And, what are the raisers feeding you with?
Panda(S3):They are feeding us with milk.
S4:We are being fed with milk.(without the help of the teacher)
…(more practice)
分析:这一步来源于本单元“Reading”部分,教师利用这部分创设了一个语境:Daisy is visiting the Nature Reserve. 在这个语境中,学生以动物的口吻,按对话的形式操练了语法结构,这让学生感到新鲜,同时也锻炼了想象力,且复习了课文内容,可谓一箭三雕。而且,随着操练的进行,学生通过模仿从“不会”到“有些会”了。
Step3. Further practice (situations from “real life”)
T: Unluckily, in our life, there’re still some people who don’t treat animals well. Look, this is what they do to the animals.(presents 3 pictures: the 1st: A woman is stepping on a cat; the 2nd: People are eating frogs; the 3rd: people are killing seals). T helps the Ss to describe the 3 pictures:
S1: The cat is being cruelly stepped on.
S2: The frogs are being eaten by people in restaurants.
S3: The seals are being killed for their skin.(Ss can say a little fluently than in the last step)
分析:让学生体会生活中有些人是如何残酷地对待动物的,接受了思想上的教育。而且在进一步操练的过程中学生讲得越来越好了。这一步是上一步的延伸,圆满结束了情景操练部分的任务。
Step4. Conclusion
T: You’ve done a very good job, and now let’s make a conclusion of what we’ve learned. On the screen:
1.现在进行时的被动语态的用法------表示说话时正在进行的被动的动作
1).The elephants are being protectednow.
2).The pandas are being fed with milkover there.
3).Look! The frog is being eaten.
2.表示目前这段时间内持续进行的动作
1).A nature reserve is being builtthese days.
2).Many interesting experiments are being carried outrecently.
分析:这里教师成功地运用了归纳法。经过前面的几个步骤的操练,学生已经理解并能初步运用这个语法结构的规律,这时候给出的归纳性的文字会使学生理解的程度进一步加深,后面任务的执行会更加从容而自如。
Step5. Exercises (consolidation)
Ss do some exercises to consolidate the grammar, including the multiple choices, sentence transition (with the form “be under/in +n”), a cloze test (about how the environment in the Nature Reserve is being improved, mixed with other forms of Passive Voice of different tense in it. )
分析:从口头操练到笔头练习,使语法知识得以进一步的巩固。且练习之后,学生对各时态的被动语态的区别更加清晰,明了。
Step6. Task
On the screen, there is a picture with a variety of birds in a park, and the words as below: Our government is making a project to encourage more birds to come to our park to spend the cold winter. Please imaginewhat is being doneto attract many birds to come here. (items offered: food, water, nest, camera etc)
Ss cooperate and prepare for a few minutes, then report.(Now, the Ss speak much better and more fluently than the beginning.)
分析:体现了真正意义上的语法任务型教学。这使学生对语言的感知和理解更加清晰,形象更加活跃,思维更加深刻,记忆更加牢固。通过合作使学生对自己的发言更加自信。
Step7. Game
Boys and girls have a game of PK. The girls make up sentences using the active voice “be doing”, and the boys change the sentences to the passive voice “be being done”.
分析:这一步是学生创造性的发挥,句子来源于学生自己的所见所闻。是对所学语法的灵活运用,也使学生的情绪高涨。一节课在高潮中结束。
三.案例反思与启示:
1、在整个教学过程中,教师始终把注意力放在学生对新课语法意识成功的体验上。其途径并非体现在教师对该语法滔滔不绝或绘声绘色的讲解,而是表现在学生对教师有针对性的语法情景设置能作出有意义的语言反应上。这种有意义的语言反应,因为有该语法概念作为内核,因此可以使学生的语法意识(awareness)得到体验。等到这种成功的体验积累到一定数量时,教师或优秀学生对语法规则或用法上的稍加点拨便会使这种体验升华到理性的高度,深层地储存于大脑地记忆库中。
2、教学主题的一致性使每一个步骤的呈现都显得那么自然不突兀,熟悉而亲切。就像一篇散文,形散而神不散。活动形式可以多样,但主题始终清晰而突出。教学始终围绕着“animal protection”而展开。不像有些语法课,一步一个主题,打一枪,放一炮,让学生一会儿往东走,一会儿向西跑,只觉得目不暇接,不知所措。因此我们可以考虑在以后的语法教学课中为学生设置一个主题,可以直接采用本单元的主题,也可以采用其它的学生熟悉的话题,只要能贴近学生的生活,激发学生的兴趣,或对学生有一定的教育意义的,我们都可以加以考虑,使之成为贯穿语法教学课的主线。
3、教学环节衔接自然,环环相扣,逐层递进,一气呵成。我们注意到,教师用一些连词,如 “Luckily”, “Unluckily”, “So, now”等把教学步骤很好地加以串联,使之成为一个完整的“故事”。总体体现了“认识理解-情景操练-归纳总结-练习巩固-任务活用”教学模式。轻、重、缓、急以及承、传、转、接在各步骤都体现得较完美。一节课以快乐的“猜谜游戏”开始,在“PK赛”的高潮中结束,让学生及听课老师都觉得愉悦而满意。环节的有效设计,调动了学生主体的主动学习、积极探索,不断激活着学生的创造思维去完成新知识的建构。教师在各环节中的主导作用不是讲知识,而是不断向学生提供各种有利于学习新知识的信息,让学生在有效信息的引领下,在已有知识的基础上,一步步地建构自己的新知识。
4、操练及练习的设计大都建立在语篇的层面上体现了老师的独具匠心。如:在练习巩固环节中,教师设计了一个完形填空,是关于 “Daisy”在参观 “Nature Reserve”时发现里面的环境是如何被改观的。各个时态的被动语态共同融入到这个完形的设计中,使学生做完后,自然习得了它们之间的区别。因此我们得到一个启示:语法能力的培养不能满足于单句的训练,那只是语法技能的即席反应。我们还须将语法技能放在语篇的诸多语法群中加以选择,流畅输出。这时候,所学的语法技能融入到众多已学到的语法能力中并成为其要素之一。如此循环往复,使语法知识、技能螺旋上升,达到自动化的境地。
5、在语法课上实施任务型教学,即让学生用语法去“做事”的做法如今已为广大教师所接受并实施于课堂。但为什么有些老师做得很成功,而有些老师的教学却达不到预期效果呢?我们注意到,占老师在实施任务型教学时,充分考虑到学生的实际情况,如:他们的认知水平,英语实际运用能力,和语言前结构(已有的知识)以及兴趣等等,所设置任务的难度,角度都充分考虑到上述因素。还有一个重要的原因是,任务的执行是建立在充分的操练和练习的基础上,是有着充分的准备和铺垫的。否则,任务的实施就会成为“空中楼阁”,不但不稳固,而且还有掉下来的可能。
总结:在实施新一轮课改的过程中,在素质教育的今天,教师要以新的教学观和学生观实施语法教学,针对学生的实际,在教学内容、教学环节、教学方法上巧妙构思,合理布局,充分发挥学生的想象力和创造力,通过师生的共同努力,切实提高英语语法教学的课堂效益,从而在教与学中不断进步。让语法课那原本“灰色”的课堂亮起来吧!
英语语法课件(4)
高一英语语法强调句课件
一、强调句句型
1. 陈述句的强调句型:It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
2. 一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只是把is/ was提到it前面。
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分?
e.g. When and where was it that you were born?
4. 强调句例句:针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。
强调主语:It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
强调宾语:It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.
强调地点状语:It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
强调时间状语:It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.
5. 注意:构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的`连接词一般只用that, who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that, who不可省略;强调句中的时态只用两种,一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was ,其余的时态用It is .
二、not until 句型的强调句
1. 句型为:It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分
e.g. 普通句:He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
2. 注意:此句型只用until,不用till.但如果不是强调句型,till, until可通用;因为句型中It is/ was not 已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。
三、谓语动词的强调
1. It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do/ does或did.
e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时,务必(千万)要小心啊!
2. 注意:此种强调只用do/ does和did,没有别的形式;过去时用did,后面的谓语动词用原形。
英语语法课件(5)
初中英语语法冠词课件
其中冠词简称“art.”冠词有不定冠词、 定冠词、 零冠词。下面是小编为你带来的 初中英语语法冠词课件,欢迎阅读。
(一)概说
1.冠词是一种虚词,不能独立担任一个成分,只能附着在一个名词上,帮助说明其词义。英语中有两个冠词:
1)定冠词the 2)不定冠词a/an
定冠词the通常读作[],在元音前读作[i],特别强调或单念时读作[i:]。
不定冠词在元音音素开始的单词前用an这个形式,读作[n];在其他情况下则使用a,读作[]。
2.冠词的基本意义
不定冠词a/an与数词one同源,表示“一个”的意思,用在可数名词单数前。
例如: She is a nurse. 她是个护士。
He is an Englishman, with an Irish wife. 他是一位英国人,有一个爱尔兰妻子。
定冠词the,与this同源,有“这(那)个”的意思,但比较弱,表示一(几)个特定的人或东西,有时可译作“这个(些)”或“那个(些)”。
例如:
That’s the book you want. 这就是你要的那本书。 Who’s the young man over there? 那边那个年轻人是谁?
但在很多情况下,“这”或“那”这类词在译文中并不出现。
例如: Put it on the table. 把它放在桌上。 Shut the door, please. 请把门关上。
3.特指和泛指
一般来说,名词有特指和泛指两种情况,请比较下面的句子:
A gentleman is asking to see you. 有位先生要求见你。(泛指)
Ask the gentleman to come in. 请那位先生进来。(特指)
在特指时一般前面要加定冠词,而泛指时则有三种情况:
1)在可数名词单数前加不定冠词。
例如: She sent me a postcard 她寄给我一张明信片。
2)在可数名词复数前可不加冠词,可使用some, any这类词。
例如: These are new words. 这些是生词。 She sent me some flowers. 她送给我一些花。
3)在不可数名词前多不加什么,有时也可加some, any等。
例如: It’s lovely weather. 天气真好。 Do you want any sugar in your tea? 你茶里要放点糖吗?
Give us some help. 给我们一些帮助。
(二)不定冠词的基本用法
1.泛指某一类人或事物中的一个,代表某一类别(不一定译为“一”)
例如: His father is a doctor. 他父亲是医生。
2.代表某一类人或事物,相当于any(+名词)(不必译为“一”,但必须用a,表示类别)
例如: A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
3.指某人或某物(不是指某一类),但不具体说明何人或何物(一般译为“一”)
例如: This book was written by a worker. 这本书是一位工人写的。
4.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈(一般译为“一”)
例如: Wait a moment. 等一下。
5.表示单位,相当于“每”的意思
例如: We have three meals a day. 我们每日吃三餐。
6.用于某此固定词组中
例如: a few, a little, a bit (of), a lot of等。
(三)定冠词的基本用法
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物
例如: Give me the book. 把那本书给我。
2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物
例如: Where is the doctor? 医生在哪儿?
3.再次提到上文提到过的人或事物
例如:
I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is at home. 昨天我买了一本词典。词典在家里。
4.用在大家所熟悉的、世界上独一无二的事物
例如: The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun. 地球比月亮大,但比太阳小。
5.用在序数词和形容词最高级前
例如: Mr Wang teaches the first class. 王先生上第一节课。
Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth. 在所有的恒星中,太阳离地球最近。
6.用在单数可数名词,表示某一类人或事物
例如:The horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
7.与下列专有名词连用
1)在江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉的`名称前
例如: the Changjiang River, the Great Lake
2)在姓氏的复数名词前,表示夫妇二人或全家人
例如: The Greens are sitting at the breakfast table. 格林一家人正围坐在早餐桌旁。
8.和某些形容词连用,表示一类人
例如:
the old 老人 the young 年轻人 the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 the sick 病人 the dead 死人
9.在一些习惯说法中
the east (west, south, north) in the morning (afternoon, evening) on the left (right)
in the end go to the cinema
(四)不用冠词的几种情况
1.在专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词前
例如:
Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你到过上海吗? We love science. 我们爱好科学。
2.在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前
例如: Girls can be scientists. 女孩子可以当科学家。
3.在季节、月份、星期、一日三餐的名称前
例如: It is hot in summer. 夏天天气热。
It’s Tuesday, August the 22nd. 今天是八月二十二日,星期三。
Have you had breakfast? 你吃过早饭没有?
4.称呼语或表示头衔,职务的名词前
例如:
What’s the matter with you, Mike? 怎么啦,迈克?
He is headmaster of our school. 他是我们学校的校长。
5.学科和球类运动的名称前
例如:
We study English. 我们学习英语。 Do you like to play football? 你喜欢踢足球吗?
6.名词前已有用作定语的this, that my, your, some, any, no, whose, every, each等代词时,不用冠词
例如:
That is her bike那是她的自行车。Each student in his class studies hard. 这个班的每个学生都努力学习。
7.在某些固定词组的名词前
例如: at home, at night, after school, by bus, in bed, in town, in front of, go to school, go to bed等。
I. 在下列句子的空格中填上适当的冠词,不需要的地方用“/”表示:
1. This is ______ old map. It is ______ useful map.
2. We have no classes in ______ afternoon on _______ Saturday.
3. ______ spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _______second.
4. Beijing is ______ capital of ______ China. It is _______ beautiful city.
5. Roman was not built in ______ day.
6. Chinese is quite ______ difficult language for Mike.
7. Many ______ students will take ______ active part in sports meet.
8. There is ______ interesting picture on ______ wall.
9. Jenny found ______ wallet lying on ______ground. ______ wallet was Mr. Black’s.
10. Which is ______ biggest, ______ sun, ______ moon, or ______ earth?
11. --- Which picture is more beautiful? --- ______one on ______ left, I think.
12. --- Which is _____ way to ______ hospital?
--- Go down this road and turn left on ______ second crossing.
13. _______ more, _______ better.
14. _______ Turners are sitting at breakfast table.
15. Joe Hill was _______ fighter for ______ working class.
16. When was ______ People’s Republic of China founded?
17. In China ______ first English textbooks were published in _____late nineteenth century.
18. After ______ breakfast he went to ______ school on ______ foot.
19. ______ Huanghe River lies in ______ north of China.
20. He likes playing ______ football. His sister likes playing ______ piano.
II. 单项选择:
1. 上学 A. go to school B. go to the school C. go to a school
2. 住院 A, in the hospital B. in a hospital C. in hospital
3. 此刻 A. at the moment B. at a moment C. at moment
4. 在课堂上 A. in class B. in a class C. in the class
5. 在地球上 A. on earth B. on an earth C. on the earth
6. 步行 A. on foot B. on the foot C. on feet
7. 吃饭 A. at a table B. at the table C. at table
8. 乘公共汽车A. take bus B. by bus C. by the bus
9. 在家 A. at the home B. at a home C. at home
10. 在工作 A. at work B. at the work C. at works
11. 跳高 A. jump high B. high jump C. the high jump
12. 坐飞机 A. by air B. by the air C. on air
13. 乘火车 A. by the train B. by train C. on train
14. 在校学习 A. in the school B. in school C. in schools
15. 睡觉 A. go to bed B. go to the bed C. go to a bed
16. 感冒 A. have a cold B. have the cold C. have cold
17. 乘船 A. by ship B. on ship C. by a ship
18. 玩得痛快A. have good times B. have a good time C. have good times
19. 事实上 A. in the fact B. in facts C. in fact
21. 从早到晚
A. from morning to the evening B. from morning to evening C. from a morning to an evening
III. 选择填空:
1. There is ______ old woman in the car.
A. / B. the C. a D. an
2. Shanghai is in _______ east of China.
A. / B. an C. the D. a
3. Bill is ______ English teacher. He likes playing ______ football.
A. a, the B. an, the C. a, / D. /, /
4. The museum is quite far. It will take you half _____ hour to go there by ______ bus.
A. an, / B. an, a C. a, / D. /, /
5. The story is ______ interesting. That means it is ______ interesting story.
A. an, the B. the, a. C. /, an D. /, a
6. Let’s go for ______ walk, shall we?
A. a B. an C. the D. /
7. This is ______ interesting story-book and it is also ______ useful one.
A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a D. a, an
8. _______ woman over there is ______ popular teacher in our school.
A. A, an B. The, a C. The , the D. A, the
9. They passed our school ______ day before yesterday.
A. an B. one C. a D. the
10. Australia is ______ English-speaking country.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
11. Don’t play ______ basketball here. It’s dangerous.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
12. This is ______ apple. It’s _______ big apple.
A. an, a B. a, the C. a, an D. an, the
13. --- Have you seen ______ bag? I left it here just now.
--- Is it ______ one on the chair near the door?
A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a
14. I have ______ blue coat.
A. a B. an C. the D. some
15. This is _____ orange. _______ orange is on the table.
A. a, The B. an, The C. an, An D. the, An
16. Have you had ______ breakfast?
A. a B. an C. the D. /
17. He wondered when the doctor could finish _____ operation.
A. a B. an C. the D. any
18. After ______ supper, he stayed at home and played ______ violin.
A. the, the B. /, the C. /, a D. /, /
19. There is ______ apple on the plate.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
20. He said that he got ______ “ C” in the test.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
21. ______ new bridge has been built over ______ Huangpu River.
A. The, a B. A, / C. A, the D. An, an
22. English is _______ useful language in ______ world.
A. an, the B. a, the C. the, the D. an, an
23. In the word “ cariage” _______ “ r” is lost.
A. the B. an C. a D. /
24. With the help of his teacher he studied hard and got ______ “ A” in the test.
A. a B. an C. the D. one
25. I have two dogs. ______ black one is two years old and ______ yellow one is three years old.
A. A, a B. The, a C. The, the D. A. the
26. Li Dan can play ______ piano very well.
A. / B. a C. an D. the
27. What ______ interesting film it is! I like ______ film very much.
A. a, the B. a, a C. an, the D. The, /
28. ______ tall man over there is our ______ English teacher.
A. A, the B. The, a C. A, an D. The, /
冠词
I. 1. an, a 2. the, / 3. A, a 4. the, /, a 5. a 6. a 7. /, an 8. an, the 9. a, the, The 10. the, the, the, the 11. The, the 12. the, the, the 13. The , the 14. The 15. a, the 16. the 17. the, the 18. /, /, / 19. The, the 20. /, the
II. 1—5 ACAAC 6—10 ACBCA 11—15 BABBA 16—20 AABCB
III. 1—5 DCDAC 6—10 ACBDB 11—15 CACAB 16—20 DCBBA
21—25 CBBBC 26—28 DCD
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